Zininzi iintsomi ezisasazwayo malunga nezithuthi zombane. Enye yazo iphathelele ekubeni ixesha elide lebhetri alikho ngcono kunefowuni yakho eqhelekileyo; apho ukutshaja kube kanye kuya kuhlala imini nemini xa uyivula okokuqala, kodwa kungekapheli nonyaka uthwala iintambo ezongezelelweyo kunye neebhanki zombane, kwaye ufumana iingcebiso malunga nokuxhalaba ngefowuni.
Akuchanekanga ukuthi iibhetri ze-EV ziyawohloka. Ziyawohloka. Kodwa ngaba kuchanekile ukuthi ngaphakathi kweekhilomitha ezimbalwa iBhetri Electric Vehicle entsha iluncedo njenge-iPhone endala?
Akunjalo konke konke. Enyanisweni, uphando lwakutshanje kunye nedatha yehlabathi lokwenyani zibonise ukuba la maxhala awanasihlahla. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela kunye nendawo ezisetyenziswa kwaye zitshajwa ngayo, iibhetri ze-EV zanamhlanje azihlali ixesha elide kuphela kodwa zikwazi nokubonelela ngokusebenza okuthembekileyo kwixesha elide.
I-Recurrent, umbutho olandelele ukutshintshwa kweebhetri, utyhile ukuba yi-13% kuphela yeemodeli ze-EV zokuqala (ngaphambi kowama-2015) ezazifuna ukutshintshwa kweebhetri. Kwiimodeli ezintsha (ngowama-2016 nasemva koko), izinga lokutshintshwa liyehla liye ngaphantsi kwe-1%.
Iibhetri ze-EV zilandela i-curve yokubola efana no-S: ukubola okubonakalayo kokuqala, ixesha elide lokwaluphala kancinci, kuze kube yilapho kuhla ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kobomi. Eli xesha lokubola kancinci livumela uninzi lwee-EV ukuba zigcine ipesenti ephezulu yomthamo wazo wokuqala kangangeminyaka emininzi.
Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi xa ukutshintsha ibhetri kwi-EV kunokubiza ngaphezulu kwe-$20,000. Nangona kunjalo khumbula ukuba phantse zonke ii-EV zanamhlanje zinewaranti yebhetri yeminyaka esi-8, eyi-160,000km, egubungela amandla ebhetri angaphantsi kwama-70%.
Ukujonga iminyaka eli-15 yeDatha yeHlabathi lokwenyani
Ngethamsanqa, ezinye ii-EV bezithengiswa phantse iminyaka eli-15 ngoku, ngoko ke kukho idatha yehlabathi yokwenyani onokuyisebenzisa. Olunye uphando olwenziwe yiRecurrent, olusekelwe kuphando lwee-EV ezili-15,000 e-US, lutyhile ukuba uninzi lweebhetri ze-EV zigcina malunga ne-90% yomgama wazo wokuqala emva kwe-160,000km. Ingxelo ibonise ukuba ubomi bebhetri ngokwenene buyiminyaka eli-15-20 kwaye buya kuhlala ixesha elide kunesithuthi ngokwaso.
I- Nissan Leaf yenye yeembali zokuqala zempumelelo kwi-EV sphere eziveliswe ukusukela ngo-2010. Iibhetri zokuqala ngoku zifikelela kwiminyaka eli-14 ukuya kweli-15 ubudala. Iimodeli zangaphambili (2011-2014) zafumana amazinga aphezulu okuwohloka kwebhetri. Ibhetri entsha 'yeLizard' yaziswa ngo-2014 ukulungisa oku.
Nangona ekuqaleni iNissan yayilindele ukuba iibhetri zigcine umthamo we-80% emva kweminyaka emihlanu kunye ne-70% emva kweminyaka eli-10, inkampani ithi amava okwenyani abonise ukuba iibhetri zisebenze ngcono kunezo zilindelekileyo, ubuncinane umthamo we-75% ugcinwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi. INissan ithi phantse zonke iibhetri zeLeaf eziveliswayo zisasetyenziswa.
Le nkampani ithi iToyota bZ4X entsha ka-2023 iza kugcina ibhetri yayo ingama-90% emva kweminyaka eli-10 okanye ama-240,000km.
I-BMW i3 kunye neTesla Model S
I-BMW i3 yaziswa ngo-2014 ngemibala exutyiweyo esebenza ngombane kuphela kunye neyandisiweyo. Ibhetri yokuqala ye-22kWh ibonakalise ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo, abanye abanini bayo baxela ukuba ilahlekelwe yi-20% emva kwe-45,000km. Nangona kunjalo, ibhetri ye-33kWh yowama-2017 iphuculwe kakhulu.
IiTesla zixelwe ukuba ziwohloka nge-2.3% ngonyaka. Ngokwengxelo ye-Impact Report kaTesla ka-2022, iModel S (eyaziswa ngo-2012) igcina amandla ayo ebhetri ukuya kuthi ga kwi-88% nangona sele ihambe malunga ne-320,000km. ITesla ithi iModel X, eyathengiswa ukususela ngo-2015, igcina amandla angaphezu kwe-90% kumgama ofanayo.
Kwakhona, kubekho umahluko ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zebhetri ngeengxelo ezibonisa ukuba ibhetri ye-90kWh yonakele ngokukhawuleza kuneyunithi ye-85kWh. Uphuculo lwetekhnoloji luye lwanceda ngakumbi ekuqineni nasekuhlaleni ixesha elide, kunye ne-100kWh ebonakalise ukusebenza ngcono.
Ukuphila Ixesha Elide Okukhulu Kuqinisekisiwe
IToyota izibekele usukelo nge-bZ4X yayo entsha ka-2023, igxininisa ukuba iza kugcina ibhetri yayo ingama-90% emva kweminyaka eli-10 okanye i-240,000km.
Uphuhliso kwitekhnoloji yebhetri, ingakumbi ngeebhetri ze-lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP), ezisetyenziswa ziinkampani ezifana ne-BYD kunye ne-CATL, kunye nokuvela okulindelweyo kweebhetri zeSolid-State , kwenza ubomi obuziikhilomitha ezisisiqingatha sesigidi bube yinjongo enokwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.
Ukongeza, amanyathelo okukhusela afana neenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu kunye nemiqathango yokutshaja asetyenzisiwe ukuphucula ubomi bebhetri.
UTesla uthi iModel X inomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-90% ngaphezulu kwe-320,000km.
Yintoni Echaphazela Impilo Yebhetri?
Zininzi izinto ezinegalelo kwixesha elide leebhetri ze-EV zanamhlanje ezifana ne-Advanced Thermal Management Systems ezigcina amaqondo obushushu asebenzayo afanelekileyo, zithintela ukugqithisa kakhulu kwaye zinciphise ukuguguleka. Ngokufanayo, iibhetri ze-EV zanamhlanje ziyilwe ngeendlela zokukhusela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezithintela amanqanaba aphezulu kunye nawona mancinci okutshaja. Ezi buffers ziqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri isebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo.
Njengomnini we-EV, ungathatha amanyathelo okunyamekela impilo yebhetri ye-EV yakho kwaye uphucule ubomi bayo. Icebiso elibalulekileyo kukuba UNGASHAJI ngaphezu kwe-80%, kwaye ungayivumeli ukuba yehle ngaphantsi kwe-20%. Ukutshaja ukuya kwi-100% kwandisa uxinzelelo kwibhetri, kwaye ukuyikhupha ngokupheleleyo kunokunciphisa ixesha elide.
Ukongeza, kuphephe ukusebenzisa iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ngaphandle kokuba ungxamile kuba oku kuyakhawulezisa ukonakala kwebhetri. Kuphephe ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye kungcono ukupaka kwindawo enomthunzi okanye kwiigaraji. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukubanda kunokuchaphazela kakubi impilo yebhetri.
Uninzi lwee-EV ezintsha ziya kuba nohlaziyo lwesoftware emoyeni. Qinisekisa ukuba oku kuyasebenza njengoko abavelisi behlala bekhupha iipatches ezintsha ukuphucula ulawulo lwempilo yebhetri. Okokugqibela, cinga ngesitayile sakho sokuqhuba; imikhwa yokuqhuba ngobunono inokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwibhetri kwaye incede ukugcina amandla ayo.
Iimoto zombane azifani neefowuni eziphathwayo
Iinkxalabo malunga nobude bexesha elifutshane kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokutshintshwa kweebhetri ze-EV zibonakalise ukuba azinasihlahla. Iibhetri ze-EV zanamhlanje zenzelwe ukuhlala ixesha elide kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe ekuqaleni, kunye nedatha yehlabathi yokwenyani exhasa ukuqina kwazo okumangalisayo. Kwaye qiniseka njengoko imakethi ye-EV iqhubeka ikhula, ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka kweebhetri ze-EV kuya kuphucuka ngakumbi.
